Kalifornium, 98 Cf Kalifornium kalipoŕniyum· Pabaosan (KAL -ə-FOR -nee-əm ) Cingakan kapérakan Nomor massa Kalifornium ring tabél périodik
Wilangan atom (Z ) 98 Watek n/a Période période 7 Blok blok-f Konpigurasi éléktron [Rn ] 5f10 7s2 Éléktron per kulit 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 Cecirén pisik Pase ring STP padat Titik lebur 1173 K (900 °C, 1652 °F) Titik didih 1743 K (1470 °C, 2678 °F) (perkiraan) Kapadetan (nampek s.r. ) 15,1 g/cm3 Cecirén atom Paindikan oksidasi +2, +3 , +4, +5 Kaéléktronégatipan skala Pauling: 1,3 Wasa ionisasi Garis spéktral saking kaliforniumCecirén liyanan Struktur kristal susunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp) Kakatosan Mohs 3–4 Nomor CAS 7440-71-3 Lelintihan Pangaranan dari California , genah ring dija ipun kacunduk Panemuan Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Berkeley (1950) Isotop utama kalifornium
Isotop
Kalimpahan
Paruh-idup (t 1/2 )
Mode paluruhan
Produk
248 Cf
sintétis
333,5 hri
α (100%)
244 Cm
SF (2,9×10-3 %)
–
249 Cf
sintetis
351 thn
α (100%)
245 Cm
SF (5,0×10-7 %)
–
250 Cf
sintetis
13,08 thn
α (99,92%)
246 Cm
SF (0,08%)
–
251 Cf
sintétis
898 thn
α
247 Cm
252 Cf
sintetis
2,645 thn
α (96,91%)
248 Cm
SF (3,09%)
–
253 Cf
sintétis
17,81 hri
β− (99,69%)
253 És
α (0,31%)
249 Cm
254 Cf
sintétis
60,5 hri
SF (99,69%)
–
α (0,31%)
250 Cm
Kategori:Kalifornium | pustaka
Kalifornium silih tunggil datu kimia sintétis antuk simbol Cf miwah wilangan atom 98. Datu puniki kapertama kasintesis warsa 1950 ring Laboratorium Nasional Lawrence Bérkléy (selanturné Laboratorium Radiasi Universitas California), antuk ngabombardir curium antuk partikel alpha (ion hélium-4 ). Punika datu radioaktip aktinida , datu transuranium kanem manados kasintésis , miwah ngelah bobot atom pinih tegeh kaping kalih saking samian datu sané sampun kaproduksi akéh antuk kacingak sareng panyingakan langsung (sesampun éinsteinium ). Datu puniki kaaranin universitas miwah negara wagian Amérika Serikat saking California .
Panganggen
Kalifornium dados kaanggén antuk terapi kanker . Datu puniki silih tunggil wit neutron sané éfisién. Wiadin nika akéh potensi kagunaan anyar ring datu puniki.
Cutetan
Pustaka
↑
↑ Mal:Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd
↑ Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem . American Chemical Society. 57 (15): 9453–9467. doi :10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450 . OSTI 1631597 . PMID 30040397 . S2CID 51717837 .
↑ Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager), ed. (2008). "Chart of Nuclides" . National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Kaaksés 5 Agustus 2022 .
↑ Price Comparison (Most Expensive Substance) (ring Indonesia), kaaksés 2020-01-24
↑ "Kalifornium | Californium (Cf) : Penjelasan, Ciri Sifat dan Kegunaan" . MASTAH (ring Inggris). 2017-11-30. Kaaksés 2020-01-24 .
Suratan
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CRC contributors (1991). Walker, Perrin; Tarn, William H. (eds.). Handbook of Metal Etchants . CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-3623-2 .
CRC contributors (2006). Lide, David R. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-87th). CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 978-0-8493-0487-3 .
Cunningham, B. B. (1968). "Californium" . Ring Hampel, Clifford A. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements . Reinhold Book Corporation. LCCN 68029938 .
Emsley, John (1998). The Elements . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-855818-7 .
Emsley, John (2001). "Californium". Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements . Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8 .
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Haire, Richard G. (2006). "Californium". Ring Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (édisi ka-3rd). Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5 .
Heiserman, David L. (1992). "Element 98: Californium". Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds . TAB Books. ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9 .
Jakubke, Hans-Dieter; Jeschkeit, Hans, eds. (1994). Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry . trans. rev. Eagleson, Mary. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5 .
Krebs, Robert (2006). The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide . Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2 .
National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement (2008). Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version . National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-11014-3 .
O'Neil, Marydale J.; Heckelman, Patricia E.; Roman, Cherie B., eds. (2006). The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (édisi ka-14th). Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
Osborne-Lee, I. W.; Alexander, C. W. (1995). "Californium-252: A Remarkable Versatile Radioisotope" . Oak Ridge Technical Report ORNL/TM-12706 . doi :10.2172/205871 .
Ruiz-Lapuente, P.; Canal, R.; Isern, J. (1996). Thermonuclear Supernovae . Springer Science+Business Media . ISBN 978-0-7923-4359-2 .
Seaborg, Glenn T. ; Loveland, Walter D. (1990). The Elements Beyond Uranium . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-89062-1 .
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Seaborg, Glenn T. (1996). Adloff, J. P. (ed.). One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity . Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. ISBN 978-3-486-64252-0 . [permanent dead link ]
Seaborg, Glenn T. (2004). "Californium" . Ring Geller, Elizabeth (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry . McGraw-Hill. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-07-143953-4 .
Pranala jaba
Wikimédia Commons ngelah média sané matopik Kalifornium .
Umum Perpustakaan nasional Lain-lain
Média kakait indik Californium ring Wikimedia Commons