In the following article the issue of Humburi Senni language will be addressed, which is a matter of utmost importance and relevance today. Humburi Senni language is a topic that has aroused the interest and attention of a large number of people around the world, and its impact extends to various areas of daily life. Along these lines, different aspects related to Humburi Senni language will be analyzed, providing detailed and updated information to deepen your understanding. In addition, various points of view and opinions of experts in the field will be explored, with the aim of offering a broad and enriching perspective on Humburi Senni language.
| Humburi Senni | |
|---|---|
| humburi ciini هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ | |
| Native to | Burkina Faso, Mali |
| Region | Hombori |
Native speakers | (81,000 cited 1999–2021) |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin Arabic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hmb |
| Glottolog | humb1243 |
 | |
Humburi Senni, or Central Songhay, is a variety of Southern Songhai spoken in the Hombori region, straddling the Burkina–Mali border.
Orthography
Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA".
| A a | B b | C c | D d | E e | F f | G g | H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n |
| [a] | [b] | [t͡ʃ] | [d] | [e] | [f] | [ɡ] | [h] | [i] | [d͡ʒ] | [k] | [l] | [m] | [n] |
| Ɲ ɲ | Ŋ ŋ | O o | P p | R r | S s | Š š | T t | U u | W w | Y y | Z z | Ž ž | |
| [ɲ] | [ŋ] | [o] | [p] | [r] | [s] | [ʃ] | [t] | [u] | [w] | [j] | [z] | [ʒ] |
Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on UNESCO.BREDA report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in Bamako.
| Arabic (Latin) |
ا ( - ) [∅]/[ʔ] |
ب (B b) [b] |
ت (T t) [t] |
ٺ (C c) [t͡ʃ] |
ث (S s) [s] |
ج (J j) [d͡ʒ] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic (Latin) |
ح (H h) [h] |
خ (Kh kh) [x] |
ݗ (Ŋ ŋ) [ŋ] |
د (D d) [d] |
ذ (Z z) [z] |
ر (R r) [r] |
| Arabic (Latin) |
ز (Z z) [z] |
ژ (Ž ž) [ʒ] |
س (S s) [s] |
ش (Š š) [ʃ] |
ص (S s) [s] |
ض (D d) [d] |
| Arabic (Latin) |
ط (T t) [t] |
ظ (Z z) [z] |
ع ( - ) [ʔ] |
غ (G g) [ɡ] |
ݝ (G g) [ɡ] |
ڢ (F f) [f] |
| Arabic (Latin) |
ݠ (P p) [p] |
ڧ (K k) [k] |
ك (K k) [k] |
ل (L l) [l] |
م (M m) [m] |
ن (N n) [n] |
| Arabic (Latin) |
ه (H h) [h] |
و (W w) [w] |
ؤ ( - ) [ʔ] |
ي (W w) [j] |
ئ ( - ) [ʔ] |
ࢩ (Ɲ ɲ) [ɲ] |
| A | E | I | O | U |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short Vowels | ||||
| اَ | اٜ | اِ | اࣷ | اُ |
| Long Vowels | ||||
| Aa | Ee | Ii | Oo | Uu |
| آ | اٜيـ / اٜي | اِيـ / اِي | اࣷو | اُو |
| a | e | i | o | u |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short Vowels | ||||
| ◌َ | ◌ٜ | ◌ِ | ◌ࣷ | ◌ُ |
| Long Vowels | ||||
| aa | ee | ii | oo | uu |
| ◌َا / ◌َـا | ◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ ◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي |
◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ ◌ِي / ◌ِـي |
◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو | ◌ُو / ◌ُـو |
References
- ^ Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
- ^ Humburi Senni at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.
- ^ République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
- ^ a b Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies.
- ^ a b Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages (PDF).
External links
- Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French. University of Michigan. Link (Archive)
- Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali). University of Michigan. Link
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