Throughout history, Treaty of Karlowitz has been a topic of great interest to humanity. From ancient times to the present, Treaty of Karlowitz has sparked curiosity, debate and reflection in society. Numerous books have been written, films made, research conducted and lectures given on Treaty of Karlowitz, demonstrating the importance and relevance it has in people's lives. Treaty of Karlowitz can address various aspects, from the scientific and technological to the cultural and philosophical, making it a multidisciplinary and wide-ranging topic. In this article, we will explore different perspectives and approaches to Treaty of Karlowitz, with the aim of expanding our knowledge and understanding of this fascinating topic.
1699 peace treaty in the context of Great Turkish War
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth recovered Podolia with the undestroyed fortress at Kamianets-Podilskyi (Although the fortress in Kamianets was not recaptured in the 1698 campaign). Therefore, the areas lost in 27 years earlier in the Treaty of Buchach in 1672 were regained. In return, Commonwealth gave back captured fortresses in Moldova. The treaty also assumed the release of prisoners, the displacement of the Buda Tatars from Moldova, the end of Tatar raids, the rendition of fugitives (Cossacks to Commonwealth, Moldovans to Ottomans) and the cessation of tribute payments by Commonwealth. Commonwealth never again had a military conflict with Ottomans.
Commissions were set up to devise the new borders between the Austrians and the Turks, with some parts disputed until 1703. Largely through the efforts of the Habsburg commissioner, Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, the Croatian and Bihać borders were agreed by mid-1700 and that at Temesvár by early 1701, leading to a border demarcated by physical landmarks for the first time.
The treaty was a watershed moment in the history of the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost substantial amounts of territory after three-and-a-half centuries of expansionism in Europe. Although the Ottoman borders in the region would wax and wane over the next 100 years, never again would there be any further acquisition of territory on a scale seen during the reigns of Mehmed the Conqueror, Selim the Grim, or Suleiman the Magnificent in the 15th-16th centuries. Indeed, after the mid-1700s the Ottoman frontier was largely delimited to the south of the Sava River and the Balkans proper, and would be further pushed south as the 19th century began.[citation needed]
Maps and images
Political situation in 1568–71, before the treaty. All territories shown are Ottomaneyalets or vassals.