In today's world, Open back rounded vowel is a topic that has captured the attention of many people in different fields. From its impact on society to its implications in everyday life, Open back rounded vowel has taken a relevant role in the public conversation. This article seeks to explore the various facets of Open back rounded vowel, from its history to its consequences in today's world. Through a detailed and thoughtful analysis, it is intended to offer a comprehensive vision of Open back rounded vowel, in order to generate a deeper and enriching understanding of this topic.
| Open back rounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɒ | |||
| IPA Number | 313 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɒ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0252 | ||
| X-SAMPA | Q | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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| IPA: Vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɒ⟩. It is called Latin turned alpha being a rotated version of Latin alpha. It seems a "turned script a", being a rotated version of "script (cursive) a", which is the variant of a that lacks the extra stroke on top of a "printed a". Latin turned alpha a ⟨ɒ⟩ has its linear stroke on the left, whereas Latin alpha a ⟨ɑ⟩ (for its unrounded counterpart) has its linear stroke on the right.
Features
- Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Standard | daar | 'there' | Fully back. Used by some speakers, particularly young female speakers of northern accents. Other speakers use an unrounded vowel . See Afrikaans phonology | |
| Assamese | কৰ / kor | 'to do' | An "over-rounded" , with rounding as strong as that for . May also be transcribed . | ||
| Bulgarian | Some Rhodopean dialects | мъж/măž | 'man' | Found as the unification of the Proto-Slavic *ǫ, *ę, *ъ and *ь. Standard Bulgarian has /ɤ̞/ for *ǫ and *ъ and /ɛ/ for *ę and *ь. | |
| Catalan | Majorcan | soc | 'clog' | Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. See Catalan phonology | |
| Menorcan | |||||
| Valencian | |||||
| Some Valencian speakers | taula | 'table' | Can be realized as unrounded [ɑ]. | ||
| Dutch | Leiden | bad | 'bath' | Near-open fully back; may be unrounded [ɑ̝] instead. It corresponds to [ɑ] in standard Dutch. | |
| Rotterdam | |||||
| Some dialects | bot | 'bone' | Some non-Randstad dialects, for example those of Den Bosch and Groningen. It is open-mid [ɔ] in standard Dutch. | ||
| English | South African | not | 'not' | Near-back and weakly rounded. Some younger speakers of the General variety may actually have a higher and fully unrounded vowel [ʌ̈]. See South African English phonology | |
| Conservative Received Pronunciation | Somewhat raised. Contemporary RP speakers pronounce a closer vowel [ɔ]. It is proposed that the /ɒ/ vowel of Conservative RP, which is normally described as a rounded vowel, is pronounced by some speakers without rounded lips for whom the characteristic quality is rather one of sulcality. See English phonology | ||||
| Northern English | May be somewhat raised and fronted. | ||||
| Canadian | Lot and thought have the same vowel in Canadian English; see cot–caught merger. | ||||
| thought | 'thought' | ||||
| General American | Vowel /ɔ(:)/ is lowered (phonetic realization of /ɔ(:)/ is much lower in GA than in RP). However, "Short o" before r before a vowel (a short o sound followed by r and then another vowel, as in orange, forest, moral, and warrant) is realized as . | ||||
| Inland Northern American | See Northern cities vowel shift | ||||
| Indian | /ɒ/ and /ɔː/ differ entirely by length in Indian English. | ||||
| Welsh | Open-mid in Cardiff; may merge with /oː/ in northern dialects. | ||||
| German | Many speakers | Gourmand | 'gourmand' | Nasalized; common phonetic realization of /ɑ̃ː/. See Standard German phonology | |
| Many Swiss dialects | maane | 'remind' | The example word is from the Zurich dialect, in which is in free variation with the unrounded [ɑː]. | ||
| Hungarian | Standard | magyar | 'Hungarian' | Somewhat fronted and raised, with only slight rounding; sometimes transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. Unrounded [ɑ] in some dialects. See Hungarian phonology | |
| Ibibio | dọ | 'marry' | Near-open; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. | ||
| Irish | Ulster | ólann | '(he) drinks' | Near-open; may be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩. | |
| Istro-Romanian | cåp | 'head' | See Istro-Romanian pronunciation (in Romanian). | ||
| Jeju | ᄒᆞ나/hawna | "one" | See Jeju phonology | ||
| Lehali | dön̄ | 'yam' | Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of /æ/ in a symmetrical vowel inventory. | ||
| Lemerig | ‘ān̄sār | 'person' | Raised vowel, being the back rounded counterpart of /æ/ in a symmetrical vowel inventory. | ||
| Limburgish | Maastrichtian | plaots | 'place' | Near-open fully back; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔː⟩. Corresponds to [ɔː] in other dialects. | |
| Malay | Kedah | tua | 'old' | Northern Kedah subdialect/dialect. Allophone of /a/ in word-final position in open-ended words and close-ended words that end with a glottal stop /ʔ/ or a glottal fricative /h/. | |
| Neapolitan | Vastese | uâʃtə | 'Vasto' | ||
| Norwegian | Urban East | topp | 'top' | Near-open, also described as close-mid back [o]. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. See Norwegian phonology | |
| Dialects along the Swedish border | hat | 'hate' | Weakly rounded and fully back. See Norwegian phonology | ||
| Persian | فارسی / fârsi | 'Persian' | |||
| Brazilian Portuguese | Carioca | ova | |||
| Slovak | Some speakers | a | 'and' | Under Hungarian influence, some speakers realize the short /a/ as rounded. See Slovak phonology | |
| Swedish | Central Standard | jаg | 'I' | Near-open fully back weakly rounded vowel. Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɑː⟩. See Swedish phonology | |
| Gothenburg | More rounded than in Central Standard Swedish. | ||||
| Uzbek | Standard | choy | 'tea' | ||
| Yoruba | itọju | 'care' | Near-open; most often transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɔ⟩. | ||
See also
Notes
- ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ^ a b Wissing (2016), section "The unrounded low-central vowel /a/".
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 293–294.
- ^ a b c Recasens (1996), pp. 81, 130–131.
- ^ a b c Rafel (1999), p. 14.
- ^ Saborit (2009), pp. 25–26.
- ^ a b c Collins & Mees (2003), p. 131.
- ^ a b Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
- ^ a b c Lass (2002), p. 115.
- ^ Roach (2004), p. 242.
- ^ Lass, Roger (1984). Phonology: an introduction to basic concepts. p. 124.
- ^ a b Lodge (2009), p. 163.
- ^ Boberg (2004), p. 359.
- ^ W. Labov, S. Ash and C. Boberg (1997), A national map of the regional dialects of American English, Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, retrieved May 27, 2013
- ^ Sailaja (2009), pp. 24–25.
- ^ Connolly (1990), p. 125.
- ^ Tench (1990), p. 135.
- ^ a b Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 38.
- ^ Krech et al. (2009), p. 263.
- ^ Fleischer & Schmid (2006), p. 248.
- ^ Szende (1994), p. 92.
- ^ Vago (1980), p. 1.
- ^ a b Urua (2004), p. 106.
- ^ a b Ní Chasaide (1999), p. 114.
- ^ Pop (1938), p. 29.
- ^ Yang, Changyong; Yang, Sejung; O'Grady, William (2020). Jejueo: the language of Korea's Jeju Island. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-7443-8.
- ^ a b François (2011), p. 194.
- ^ a b François (2011), pp. 195, 208.
- ^ a b Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), pp. 158–159.
- ^ "Vastesi Language - Vastesi in the World". Vastesi in the World. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
- ^ a b Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 17.
- ^ a b Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 2.
- ^ Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 16–17.
- ^ a b Popperwell (2010), p. 23.
- ^ a b Kráľ (1988), p. 54.
- ^ a b Engstrand (1999), pp. 140–141.
- ^ a b c Riad (2014), pp. 35–36.
- ^ Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963). Uzbek Structural Grammar. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 18. Bloomington: Indiana University. p. 17.
- ^ Bamgboṣe (1966), p. 166.
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